PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN ZNO TESTS: SYNCHRONIC AND DIACHRONIC ASPECT

Abstract

The article is devoted to a comprehensive linguistic analysis of phraseological units included in the program of external independent assessment (ZNO / NMT) in the Ukrainian language. The relevance of the study is due to the need to systematize phraseological units, which are a mandatory component of examination tasks in the Ukrainian language. Within the synchronic aspect, a corpus of phraseological units relevant to the modern language norm is considered. Semantic groups that most often become the object of testing are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the phenomena of variability and transformation of meanings in the modern context, which often becomes the cause of typical errors of applicants. The purpose of scientific research was to carry out a synchronic-diachronic analysis of phraseological units presented in the ZNO and NMT tests, to determine their functional load and selection features. The diachronic approach allows us to trace the etymology of test phraseological units. The article reveals the origin of key expressions: from ancient myths and biblical plots to original folk sources and professional jargons of the past. Understanding the genesis of phraseology is considered not only as a historical reference, but also as an effective tool for better memorization and correct decoding of meaning during the exam. This approach helps to explain the logic of the internal form of a word, which in modern language can be obscured.
The methodological basis of the work is descriptive, comparative-typological and etymological methods. The conclusions emphasize that the combination of synchronous and diachronic analysis in the process of preparing for testing contributes not only to the mechanical assimilation of knowledge, but also to the formation of holistic linguocultural competence of students. The materials of the article can be used by Ukrainian language teachers, methodologists and lecturers of higher education institutions for in-depth study of the phraseological composition of the Ukrainian language.