FORMATION OF ENTERPRISE PERSONNEL POLICY UNDER MARTIAL LAW

Abstract

The article investigates the principles and approaches to forming an enterprise’s personnel policy under martial law, using both historical and contemporary examples. The research emphasizes the importance of a flexible, proactive, and socially responsible HR strategy in times of crisis. Personnel management during wartime plays a crucial role not only in ensuring business continuity but also in preserving the mental health, motivation, and professional development of employees under extreme stress and uncertainty. The study provides a comparative analysis of historical models of HR policy under wartime conditions in countries such as the USSR, the UK, the USA, and Israel. These cases illustrate a variety of mobilization practices, from centralized workforce planning and compulsory labor laws to rapid training and civilian integration into military industries. Furthermore, the article explores the Ukrainian experience during the current full-scale war, focusing on adaptive HR practices employed by leading national companies such as Ukrzaliznytsia, Nova Poshta, ATB, and IT corporations. These enterprises have demonstrated resilience through digital transformation, employee relocation, mental health support, and emergency retraining programs. Moreover, the article highlights international corporate practices from Nestlé, Toyota, and McDonald’s, showcasing crisis-oriented personnel policies during conflicts and natural disasters. Based on this analysis, the author proposes a set of recommendations for forming an effective personnel policy under martial law, including psychological support mechanisms, the use of digital HR tools, strategic workforce planning, flexible employment formats, and investment in employee learning. The study underlines that the ability to manage human capital effectively during wartime is a fundamental component of enterprise survival and national recovery.