MAIN CATEGORIES OF LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION

Abstract

The article describes the main categories of linguistic communication (discourse, speech act, speech genre), their
features and characteristics are explained. Different interpretations of the understanding of the specifi ed categories
are considered. Discourse as a complex communicative phenomenon, which includes linguistic, speech, socio-cultural,
pragmatic and active awareness and skill of the speaker. Discourse is a complex communicative phenomenon that deals
with communication as a speech process; a certain statement, which involves the speaker and the listener, and the intention
to infl uence the second in a certain way. The linguistic act is a deliberate speech action, carried out in accordance
with the norms of the literary language, the purpose and intentions of communication, the conditions and circumstances
of the speech situation, the principles and rules of speech behavior adopted in society. Linguistic (communicative) act
as a minimal unit of communication, purposeful speech action characterized by intentionality, purposefulness, conventionality.
The linguistic genre is a thematic, compositional, and stylistically established types of messages – carriers of
speech acts, united purpose of communication, the speaker’s idea, taking into account the identity of the addressee, thecontext and the situation of communication. The linguistic genre is a stylistic phenomenon, a type of statement, a communicative
phenomenon consisting of a certain number of speech acts of communication participants. The positions of
the relation between the main categories of linguistic communication are determined. It is proved that understanding
of their essence and nature depends on the defi nition of approaches, principles, forms and methods of organization of
educational activities. The role of the indicated units in successful communication is revealed; the possibility of their
studying in the course of the Ukrainian language is substantiated.