LEXICO-GRAMMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE POETIC TRANSLATION OF FRIEDRICH SCHILLER'S WORKS

Abstract

Poetry translation is a work of art, as the translator essentially creates a new piece in which they must convey not their feelings and attitude toward a given theme but rather the original author's emotions, intent, and unique style. They must have a deep understanding of the original text and be able to read between the lines to adapt the source material to the target language effectively. This is where translation transformations play a crucial role. With their help, the translator can accurately convey the meaning of the poem, its aesthetic perception, and the level of emotional and expressive impact on the reader.
This research aims to identify the lexico-grammatical transformations in poetic translation and determine the ways of their adequate rendering into Ukrainian based on the works of Friedrich Schiller. Schiller’s poetic language serves as a means of embodying the figurative content of various genres of literary art, concentrating on intellectual elevation, emotional depth, and aesthetic ideals. The ideas of this great German poet remain highly relevant in our time. A defining trait of his character was profound patriotism. He saw his main mission as a resolute and uncompromising struggle against even the slightest manifestations of tyranny, as well as social, moral, and spiritual oppression of the individual. His works are imbued with a spirit of rebellion and a call to fight for freedom.
The analysis of translations by M. Lukash, M. Orest, and P. Rykhlo allows us to assert that the most commonly used translation transformations include generalization, concretization, transposition, substitution, addition, and omission. The most challenging aspects in translating Friedrich Schiller’s poetic works from German into Ukrainian are archaisms, historicisms, and cultural realia. The analyzed translations are free in their approach but excellently convey the melody, mood, and rhythm of the original. The translators strive to bring the texts as close as possible to the Ukrainian folk language. Overall, the translations reflect the content and artistic style of the original, employing a flexible recreation of imagery and emotions.