SPECIFICITIES OF TRANSLATION OF TURKISH HISTORISMS AND ARCHAISMS (BASED ON UKRAINIAN TRANSLATIONS OF TURKISH FICTION)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the translation of historicisms and archaisms in Ukrainian translations of literary texts by Turkish authors (R. N. Guntekin, O. Pamuk, B. Karasu, etc.). A selection of this class of words from the texts of Ukrainian translations (both modern and classical Turkish fiction, mainly of historical themes) was carried out, the lexicographic status of lexemes in Turkish academic lexicographic publications was checked (the presence of a corresponding remark in the dictionary, indicating that the lexeme belongs to the passive vocabulary of the Turkish language). The distribution of lexical units according to the thematic principle was carried out, typical lexical-thematic groups represented by historicisms and lexical-thematic groups of archaisms were determined. The main methods of translating historicisms and archaisms of the Turkish language, which Ukrainian translators resort to in order to convey the content while preserving the form, to acquaint the Ukrainian reader with the specifics of Turkish realia, if there is a need for this (taking into account the close Turkish-Ukrainian relations at various historical stages, in particular the times of the Ottoman Empire and the Cossack period). The meaning of key translation terms is revealed (transcoding, footnote as the main methods of translating this class of words). General trends in preserving the form of the Turkish unit, as well as cases of modification, are outlined. Typical models of constructing documentary footnotes for different lexical-thematic groups are analyzed, common approaches to commenting, explaining words of the same class are determined, basic and optional elements for different typical footnote models are described, the average optimal length of a syntagm to avoid overloading with unnecessary information, the encyclopedic nature of information (historical reference) for historicisms or a more simplified presentation for archaisms (analogies with modern referents). A comparative analysis of footnotes for semantically identical words is carried out in order to identify a more successful option for the Ukrainian reader to get acquainted with Turkish historical realias. The prospects of this area of ​​research are revealed in the context of the peculiarities of translating non-equivalent vocabulary, transmitting the semantics of foreign-language realias.