TRANSLATION TRANSFORMATIONS AND THEIR TYPES IN THE TRANSLATION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN MODERN GERMAN

Abstract

The article “Translation Transformations and Their Types in the Translation of Phraseological Units in Modern German” is devoted to the study of translation transformations and their role in rendering phraseological units of modern German into Ukrainian. The focus is placed on the theoretical foundations of phraseology as a complex and multidimensional branch of linguistics, as well as on the specific features of translating stable word combinations characterized by a high degree of imagery, national and cultural specificity, and reproducibility.
The paper examines different approaches to defining the scope of the concept of “phraseology,” in particular the narrow and broad approaches, and substantiates the expediency of adopting the broad approach, which makes it possible to cover the full range of fixed linguistic constructions – from idioms to paremias and set expressions. Special attention is paid to the nature of phraseological units as carriers of cultural information that reflect the mentality, values, and worldview of a language community.
The article analyzes and describes the essence of translation transformations as a key tool for achieving translation adequacy. Based on the works of leading linguists, transformation is considered as an interlingual operation that involves changes in the formal and semantic characteristics of the source text without loss of its meaning.
The study systematizes the main types of transformations, including calquing, lexical-semantic substitution, concretization, generalization, modulation, grammatical transformations, and compensation, and illustrates their functioning using examples of German phraseological units. It is demonstrated that the translation of phraseological units cannot be reduced to literal reproduction but is a complex process of interpretation that requires consideration of linguistic, stylistic, and cultural factors. The research shows that the effective application of translation transformations ensures the naturalness of the target text, preserves its semantic and expressive richness, and achieves communicative equivalence.