SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL IDEAS OF CLASSICAL MASTERS ON THE ART OF THE WORD IN AZERBAIJANI LITERATURE

Abstract

This study examines the theoretical foundations of literature in the traditional Eastern context, historically conceptualized under the term “Qavaid-i Adabiyyat” (Rules and Laws of Literature). Purpose: The research aims to explore how classical Eastern scholars, particularly Azerbaijani poets, articulated literary theory through their creative works rather than through a unified systematic framework. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs a qualitative textual analysis of classical Oriental literary sources, focusing on the concept of the “Word” (Söz) as a synonym for artistic literature and its aesthetic and philosophical implications. Special attention is given to the works and views of Nizami Ganjavi as a representative figure of this tradition.
Findings: The analysis reveals that classical poets embedded sophisticated literary doctrines within their writings, emphasizing brevity, depth, and semantic richness. Nizami Ganjavi, in particular, advocates for linguistic economy, arguing that artistic mastery lies in expressing complex socio-ethical ideas through concise and meaningful language. His principle that “out of a hundred words, only one essential word remains” highlights the importance of precision and ethical resonance in literature.
Originality/value: This research contributes to modern philology by demonstrating that Eastern literary thought offers an alternative, text-integrated model of literary theory. It underscores the continued relevance of classical Azerbaijani poetic philosophy in contemporary discussions on aesthetics, creativity, and the function of language in literature.