FORMATION OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE IN THE MUSLIM EAST IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES

Abstract

This article examines the formation of science and scientific knowledge in the Muslim East in the early Middle Ages. During this period, the Muslim world was a center of intensive cultural development. Rich libraries, universities, and research centers were established where research was conducted in various fields of knowledge, including mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, medicine, and literature. The works of ancient Greek and other ancient thinkers were translated into Arabic and circulated in the Islamic world. This combination of knowledge from different cultures contributed to scientific and cultural progress. The article also examines the role of scientific centers that existed in Baghdad, Cordoba, Damascus, Alexandria, Samarkand and other cities, which not only provided translations and preservation of knowledge from different cultures, but also created conditions for intellectual exchange, contributing to the development of scientific research and spread of knowledge in the medieval Muslim world. They became platforms for intellectual enlightenment and preservation of the heritage of past civilizations.
Muslim scholars actively worked in various fields of science, such as mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, medicine, chemistry, history, philology and others.
It was the era of such great encyclopedist scientists, titans of thought, poets as Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, Ahmad al-Farghoni, Imam al-Bukhari, Abu Yakub al-Kindi, Abu Bakr al-Razi, Abu Nasr al-Farabi, Abu Rayhan al-Beruni, Abu Ali ibn Sina, Mahmud al-Kashgari, Abu Ala'a al-Maari, Abu Abdallah ar-Rudaki, and others.
The medieval Muslim East left a significant mark on the modern world. Many achievements of that time find their application in modern sciences and technologies. It also influenced the formation of worldview and cultural heritage. His scientific and philosophical principles contributed to the development of critical thinking, the search for truth, and mental development. The unique combination of religious and scientific foundations created a special approach to understanding the world and human existence.
The overall contribution of the Muslim East to the development of science and scientific knowledge is of great importance for understanding the history of scientific progress.