GENDER EQUALITY IN THE UKRAINIAN ARMY DURING THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR

Abstract

The article analyses how Russia’s war against Ukraine has transformed the Armed Forces of Ukraine, leading not only to structural reforms but also to significant changes in the gender composition of the military. Thousands of women have joined the Armed Forces of Ukraine, with their numbers growing from 16,500 in 2014 to 62,000 in 2024. However, despite positive dynamics and legislative changes, cases of gender inequality and discrimination against women are still recorded in the Ukrainian army. Thus, the aim of the study is to assess the prospects for the evolution of the Armed Forces of Ukraine through the prism of gender equality. The work consists of theoretical and empirical analysis. The theoretical part encompasses a review of legislative acts and scientific literature, while the empirical part is grounded in both qualitative (interviews) and quantitative (questionnaires) research methods. The results show that, despite positive changes, female military personnel still face systemic problems: lack of appropriate equipment, assignment to non-combat positions, prejudice, sexual harassment, denial of promotion, and more. The study also confirms the existence of gender barriers in society, such as the «glass ceiling» and «sticky floor,» which are supported by stereotypes and low awareness among Ukrainians on issues related to equality. Thus, it is concluded that the full integration of gender equality in the Armed Forces of Ukraine requires not only legislative but also systemic educational and cultural changes, which will allow for the development of a modern, effective, and combat-ready army.